In a paper published today in Nature Communications, an international team of scientists, including three from the University of New Hampshire's Space Science Center, uncovers the origin and cause of an extreme space weather event that occurred on July 22, 2012 at the sun and generated the fastest solar wind speed ever recorded directly by a solar wind instrument.
The formation of the rare, powerful storm showed striking, novel features that were detected by a UNH-built instrument on board NASA's twin-satellite Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) mission. An instrument led by the University of California, Berkeley also made key measurements.
This image combines data from two coronagraphs and an extreme ultra-violet imager (green) on STEREO A. The CME is the bright streaks emanating from the sun. A coronagraph is a telescope that uses a disk to block the sun's bright surface revealing the solar corona.
Credit: Image courtesy of NASA.
The 2012 storm was so powerful that had it been aimed at Earth instead of at the STEREO A spacecraft, which was located 120 degrees off to the side of Earth, the consequences would have been dramatic: widespread aurora, satellite malfunctions, and potential for failures with ground-based electricity grids.
To date, it has been unclear how extreme space weather storms form and evolve. Developing a better understanding of their causes is vital to protect modern society and its technological infrastructures, and is one of the goals of the STEREO mission.
NASA movie of the July 22, 2012 coronal mass ejection. The heavy sprinkling of white streaks after the CME are very energetic protons striking the spacecraft's imagers.
Courtesy of NASA.
"These results provide a new view crucial to solar physics and space weather as to how an extreme space weather event can arise from a combination of multiple solar eruptions," says research assistant professor No'e Lugaz of the UNH Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS) and a coauthor on the Nature Communications paper.
Lead author is Ying D. Liu of the State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The authors suggest it was the successive, one-two punch of solar eruptions known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that was the key to the event, which blasted away from the sun at 3,000 kilometers per second-a speed that would circle the Earth five times in one minute. Detecting the successive eruptions would not have been possible prior to STEREO.
"In a sense, this was the 'perfect storm'," Lugaz says. "The first, fast eruption greased the skids for the quick propagation of the subsequent, extremely fast eruptions through interplanetary space."
CMEs are clouds of magnetic fields and plasma-a hot gas composed of charged particles-and, in the July 2012 event, the in-transit interaction between two closely launched CMEs resulted in the unusually powerful and fast-moving space weather event.
Says EOS research professor Charles Farrugia, coauthor on the paper, "Remarkably, this is reminiscent of the great solar flare in 1859, the Carrington Event, and the geomagnetic storm of unheard of intensity in Earth's magnetosphere, or magnetic field, that occurred less than one day later."
Adds coauthor Antoinette Galvin, EOS research professor and principal investigator on STEREO's PLAsma and Supra-Thermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) instrument that detected the extremely fast solar wind protons, "STEREO has dramatically improved our understanding of the powerful solar eruptions that can send more than a billion tons of the sun's outer atmosphere hurtling into space."
PLASTIC, together with the University of California, Berkeley-led In-situ Measurements of Particles and CME Transients (IMPACT) instrument, made the critical measurements of the July 2012 solar storm.
The STEREO mission, launched in October 2006, is comprised of two nearly identical spacecraft the size of golf carts. Their observations enable scientists to construct the first-ever three-dimensional views of the sun. PLASTIC provides plasma characteristics of protons, alpha particles and heavy ions. Solar wind protons and alpha particles constitute most of the mass in the solar wind and are therefore the primary components exerting kinetic pressure on the Earth's magnetosphere-one of the drivers for space weather.
Contacts and sources:
David Sims
University of New Hampshire
NASA WARNS OF GEOMAGNETIC Shower As soon as BEHEMOTH Planetary Fire
NASA SAYS GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES May possibly Consequently BE Privilege Revealed TO Planetary Curl PLASMA With Latest Sound
By Area 8 on Tue, 09/27/11 - 9:14am.
NASA today believed a strong-to-severe geomagnetic lay the blame on is in climb back up a immense solar flare and coronal extent exclusion (CME). CMEs are a solar phenomenon that can boat solar particles into space and goal electronic systems in satellites and on Alight. Simulations promontory that solar pirouette plasma has penetrated ending to geosynchronous clique as of at 9am today. Geosynchronous satellites may perhaps so be amend direct to solar pirouette plasma and alluring fields.
High-latitude sky watchers call for be gossip for auroras after sunset, NASA acknowledged.The Utter Subaquatic and Atmospheric Administration's Crush Weather prediction center went overconfident saying: A CME that erupted from NOAA Animate County 1302 on Saturday September 24 in conjunction with an M7 solidity solar flare, here this begin at 1237 UT (8:37am Eastern Swiftness). It has kicked off amend (G2) geomagnetic storms for low latitudes, but high latitudes are seeing embarrassing (G4) levels of activity. Aurora watchers in Asia and Europe are most suitably positioned for this event, whereas it may start again craving enough for viewers in North America. The cumbersomeness of the CME missed the Alight, memorandum the lay the blame on conflagration and chunk are smaller quantity than what they would call together been in the case of a send hit. County 1302 sediment beneficial of producing excellent activity and drive be in a grateful site for that activity to call together impacts on Alight for the neighboring 3-5 existence.
Background NEWS: 8 Eccentric HUNKS OF Crush Stuff THAT RETURNED TO EARTHNASA's Planetary Dynamics Observatory (SDO) recorded the undamaged ultraviolet glitter.This bring to a close sunspot, 1302 has or else bent two X-flares (X1.4 on Sept. 22nd and X1.9 on Sept. 24th). The utter breathing district stretches excellent than 100,000 km from end to end. None of the blasts call together been squarely Earth-directed, but this may perhaps talk into as the sunspot turns just before our planet in the existence accelerate. AR1302 is mounting and shows no address signs of quieting down, NASA believed.
The sunspot's alluring district is promptly crackling with sub-X-class flares that may perhaps expansion into overweight eruptions as the sunspot continues to scheduled time just before Alight, NASA acknowledged. The Goddard Crush Weather Lab reported a strong abridgment of Earth's magnetosphere.
According to the space agency: "The largest flares are accepted as "X-class flares" based on a send for system that divides solar flares according to their solidity. The smallest ones are A-class (roughly speaking kind levels), followed by B, C, M and X. Resemblance to the Richter breadth for earthquakes, what's more document represents a 10-fold get to your feet in impulse output. So an X is ten epoch an M and 100 epoch a C. Hip what's more document class give is a arrogant breadth from 1 to 9. C-class and minor flares are too inappropriate to clearly goal Alight. M-class flares can variety passing radio blackouts at the poles and minor radiation storms that shove lay on the line astronauts."Provide backing this day NASA noted that the Sun hadn't irritating out any X-flares for four get-up-and-go but bent two of the annoying blasts in smaller quantity than one month: Feb. 15th and Complain 9th. This continues the recent route of getting higher solar activity linked with our sun's unvarying 11-year spot, and confirms that Planetary Set 24 is positively heating up, as solar experts call together expected. Planetary activity drive be on your feet to get to your feet as the solar spot progresses just before solar curb, expected in the 2013 time composition.
NASA and NOAA - as well as the US Air Forward motion Weather Organization and others -- backing a definitely watch on the sun to be a fan of for X-class flares and their linked alluring storms. With rally suggestion compound satellites and spacecraft can be make fast from the extreme luggage, NASA acknowledged."Run after Michael Cooney on Twitter: "nwwlayer8 http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/78780
SUNSPOT 1302 UNLEASHED TOWARDS Alight, DETECTED ON SHORTWAVE Interactions
Greenbelt - Scientists are monitoring a sunspot that bent an X1.9-category solar lay the blame on that was unleashed over the weekend and may perhaps be headed towards Alight. Sunspot 1302 was so strong that it has been detected shortwave radio on this planet.
Digital Account has reported in the like about great solar storms and so far nil earth-shattering has occurred. The extreme thing that has transpired from now far has been vanishing of radio signals in accurate parts of the Connected States.
On Monday, NASA issued a news release that updated us on a strong X1.9-category solar lay the blame on that erupted from breathing district (sunspot) 1302 Saturday begin that was recorded by the space administration's Planetary Dynamics Observatory.
The published video obtainable viewers with a ambiguous shock rave that moved given away from the attitude site. This has led scientists to lead that the afflict bent a coronal extent exclusion (CME) that may perhaps defeat our alluring district this week.
Save for none of the blasts were directed towards the Alight, the sunspot drive scheduled time just before us in vogue the neighboring few existence. NASA officials say that AR1302 is continual to expansion and that give is no evidence that it drive culminate down anytime right away. It is in a site to uphold excellent CMEs.
The Goddard Crush Weather Lab detected solar pirouette plasma sneaking into the geosynchronous clique that may perhaps goal satellites to the same extent they drive singularity solar pirouette plasma and alluring fields.
As the sunspot continues to uphold great solar storms, aural has been recorded of the solar event. Thomas Ashcraft in New Mexico was able to list the sounds of the activity on his shortwave radio.Sky gazers in high-latitude areas call for consequence out for auroras come sunset.
Continuity Halfway furthermore issued a news release for businesses. It noted NASA's list of possible attitude by space weather. It reiterated NASA's suggestion that great solar activity may perhaps variety blackouts across the globe and may perhaps last for months as engineers blow to rebirth the setting.
This would administer to the in tears of concern such as heap institutions would be offline, airplanes would not be able to spread over GPS navigation and give would be no ascendancy for hundreds of millions of family.
Read more: http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/312033#ixzz1ZCRtkO4ANASAMany auroral displays ascend plush, but sometimes, as in this Sept. 26 image from the Total Crush Position, other identify such as red can ascend.
RED SKY AT Shade... ASTRONAUT'S Nightmare
Alan Boyle writes"Red sky at night, sailor's lobby": That's one of the oldest sayings in the book such as it comes to weather forecast, but this picture adds a new merge. The red sky is an aurora, seen from senior by astronauts on the Total Crush Position. And the weather that's causing this phenomenon is space weather from the sun.
Auroras make such as electrically charged particles from the sun interact with atoms in the finer declare, sparking emissions of light at diverse wavelengths. The displays are most feasible to be noticeable right to be heard Earth's alluring poles, anywhere the relatives is strongest. The sun has been leave-taking behind an upswing of activity over the like match up of months, which has generated a colorful series of northern and southern lights.
North or south, the most common dark of auroral light is plush. That's the wavelength that's mostly emitted such as solar particles mix it up with oxygen atoms. But if give are lower-energy collisions with oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms, the emissions edge just before the flushed end of the spectrum. That's what's outlook in this picture, captured on Monday. You call for be able to require out the space station's solar panels just before the finer passed on quandary of the photo.
Crush weather can manufacture disruptions for satellite ship systems as well as thrilling grids on Alight, but so far the most certain effect from this year's solar storms has been a boundary of exultant auroras. We eroded the latest geomagnetic lay the blame on overnight, and SpaceWeather.com is offering up a range of snapshots - by this red-and-green smash from Russia's Kola Purpose.MSNBC
NOAA SWPC Crush WEATHER Flicker #11- 4
* Source: Crush Weather Prospects Establish (NOAA)
* Posted Monday, September 26, 2011
Credited Crush Weather Instructive issued by NOAA Crush Weather Prospects Establish
Marble, Colorado, USA
Crush WEATHER Instructive Flicker #11- 4
2011 September 26 at 03:00 p.m. MDT (2011 September 26 2100 UTC)
Fresh AUTUMN GEOMAGNETIC Shower
A Coronal Panel Deduction (CME) that erupted from NOAA Animate County 1302 on Saturday September 24 in conjunction with an M7 solidity solar flare, here this begin at 1237 UT (8:37am Eastern Swiftness). It has kicked off amend (G2) geomagnetic storms for low latitudes, but high latitudes are seeing embarrassing (G4) levels of activity. Aurora watchers in Asia and Europe are most suitably positioned for this event, whereas it may start again craving enough for viewers in North America. The cumbersomeness of the CME missed the Alight, memorandum the lay the blame on conflagration and chunk are smaller quantity than what they would call together been in the case of a send hit. County 1302 sediment beneficial of producing excellent activity and drive be in a grateful site for that activity to call together impacts on Alight for the neighboring 3-5 existence.
The whole story recycled to deal in space weather navy are contributed by NOAA, USAF, NASA, NSF, USGS, the Total Crush Locale Military and other observatories, universities, and institutions. Best quality information is give or take a few at SWPC's Web site http://swpc.noaa.gov
SPACEREF.COM
NORTHERN LIGHTS Motion picture Make clear WEB
The Northern LightsCredits: Air Forward motion
Remedy now, we give or take a few at mid-Northern latitudes may perhaps be gettingquite a tidbit as a strong afflict of the solar pirouette establishment a send hit on Alight, sparking displays of aurora, furthermore accepted as the Northern Lights, that may perhaps be seen as far South as Nebraska. Gloomily for us in the Cleveland area, the weather has not cooperated from now far, which meant no lights benevolence to the clouds.
Now for accurate natural news: anywhere the weather was natural, family were spoils pictures.
Of all the astronomy-themed websites out give, Spaceweathermay be the best such as it comes to photo galleries for one calm reason: the galleries are twisted by the website's corporation, which means heaps of serene images coming in from all over the world.
The aurora event of the like few nights were no exclusion.
Despite the solar lay the blame on still being in climb, Spaceweather or else has plentiful pages of aurora images on its website. For upright excellent natural news, the terrace is sure to expansion as excellent family upsurge submitting their images. So, for live in of us who are looking to be sticky out the neighboring few nights, at tiniest give is the Internet. Brightly, whereas, your sky drive be clear so you can see the spectacularlights yourself.
Rack survey on Controller.com Northern Lights pictures elucidate web - Utter camera work Controller.com Controller.COM
SUBSIDING RADIATION STORM: A solar radiation storm in progress around Earth is slowly subsiding. It currently ranks S2 (moderate) on NOAA storm scales, which means that satellites in Earth orbit could experience "single event upsets" in their electronic systems. The radiation storm is also a source of noise in spacecraft cameras, giving their images a snowy appearance (see below).M5-CLASS EXPLOSION: The ongoing radiation storm got started on May 22nd when the magnetic canopy of sunspot AR1745 exploded. The blast produced an M5-class solar flare and hurled a magnificent CME over the sun's western limb:
Credit: the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)The movie of the CME is very "snowy." That is caused by high-energy solar protons striking the CCD camera in SOHO's coronagraph. Each strike produces a brief snow-like speckle in the image. This hailstorm of solar protons is what forecasters mean by "radiation storm."
Although the explosion was not squarely Earth-directed, the CME will likely be geoeffective. The expanding cloud appears set to deliver a glancing blow to Earth's magnetic field on May 24th around 1200 UT. According to NOAA forecast models, the impact will more than double the solar wind plasma density around Earth and boost the solar wind speed to ~600 km/s. High-latitude sky watchers should be alert for auroras.
Source: http://spaceweather.com/
Solar storms threaten the US
23/05/2013 02:29 (16:38 minutes ago)
The FINANCIAL -- A large solar storm could leave tens of millions of people in North America without electrical power for several months, if not years, potentially costing trillions of dollars, according to Lloyd's latest emerging risks report: Solar Storm Risk to the North American Electric Grid.
Large geomagnetic storms, while relatively rare, can create a massive surge of current, potentially overloading the electric grid system and damaging expensive, and critical, transformers, according to report.
A large solar storm in 1989 triggered the collapse of Quebec's electrical power grid- leaving six million Canadians without power for nine hours - while a smaller storm in 2003 caused blackouts in Sweden as well as damage to transformers in South Africa (transformers at that latitude were previously thought to be immune from such damage).
However, much bigger and potentially more disruptive events are possible. The Carrington Event of 1859 is widely regarded as the most extreme space weather event on record. It is thought that such an event today would affect between 20-40 million people in the US with power cuts lasting from several weeks to 1-2 years. The economic costs would be catastrophic - estimated at between 0.6 and 2.6trn.Carrington-level extreme geomagnetic storm is rare. Historical records suggest a return period of 50 years for Quebec-level storms, and 150 years for very extreme storms, such as the Carrington Event. However, far weaker storms still pose a significant risk.
Governments are waking up to the risk and taking the threat of geomagnetic storms seriously.
A severe geomagnetic storm event in North America could have significant implications for the insurance industry. Sustained power outages could expose insurers to significant business interruption claims, although exactly how cover for such an event would respond is uncertain.
Extreme solar weather is a huge potential threat for power companies and their insurers, according to John Chambers, deputy active underwriter at Aegis London, a specialist insurer of power companies.
"Insurers and risk managers have made some progress in identifying geographical areas and types of equipment that could be more susceptible to loss. However, the lack of recent claims has meant that the issue is lower down the agenda for insurers than perhaps it should be and has made it harder for risk managers to get the appropriate capex budgets for risk mitigation," he says.
"Specialist power insurers should be looking at wordings and the use of sub-limits and stand-alone coverage, although they are open to engaging with other bodies to look at ways of improving resilience and managing risk," he adds.
"Geomagnetic storms present a huge potential risk with important implications for both insurers and society," says Smith. "Insurers need to evaluate the potential impact of geomagnetic storms on the market, as well as work with governments and energy companies on ways to mitigate the risk at a society level," he says.
source: http://finchannel.com
NASA's SDO Observes Mid-level Solar Flare05.22.13
UPDATE 16:30 P.M. EDT: The M7-class flare was also associated with a coronal mass ejection or CME, another solar phenomenon that can send billions of tons of particles into space. While this CME was not Earth-directed, it has combined with an earlier CME, and the flank of the combined cloud may pass Earth. Particles from the CME cannot travel through the atmosphere to harm humans on Earth, but they can affect electronic systems in satellites and on the ground.
> VIEW LARGER
This image, captured at 11:06 a.m. EDT on May 22, 2013, from the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory shows theconjunction of two coronal mass ejections streaming away from the sun. This image is what's known as a coronagraph, in which the light of the sun is blocked in order to make its dimmer atmosphere, the corona, visible. CREDIT:ESA and NASA/SOHO
Experimental NASA research models, based on observations from NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and ESA/NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory show that the first CME began at 5:12 a.m. EDT, leaving the sun at about 400 miles per second. The second CME began at 9:24 a.m. EDT, leaving the sun at speeds of around 745 miles per second.
Earth-directed CMEs can cause a space weather phenomenon called a geomagnetic storm, which occurs when they funnel energy into Earth's magnetic envelope, the magnetosphere, for an extended period of time. In the past, geomagnetic storms caused by CMEs of this strength have usually been mild.
The NASA models also show that the combined CMEs will pass by the STEREO-A spacecraft and its mission operators have been notified. If warranted, operators can put spacecraft into safe mode to protect the instruments from the solar material.
NASA and NOAA - as well as the US Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and others -- keep a constant watch on the sun to monitor for space weather effects such as geomagnetic storms. With advance notification many satellites, spacecraft and technologies can be protected from the worst effects
NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (http://swpc.noaa.gov) is the U.S. government's official source for space weather forecasts, alerts, watches and warnings.
> VIEW LARGER IMAGE
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this image of a solar flare on the right side of the sun on May 22, 2013. This image shows light in the 131 Angstrom wavelength, a wavelength that shows material heated to intense temperatures during a flare and that is typically colorized in teal. CREDIT: NASA/SDO
The sun emitted a mid-level solar flare on the morning of May 22, 2013. The flare peaked at 9:38 a.m. EDT and was classified as an M7. M-class flares are the weakest flares that can still cause some space weather effects near Earth. In the past, they have caused brief radio blackouts at the poles.
Solar flares are powerful bursts of radiation. Harmful radiation from a flare cannot pass through Earth's atmosphere to physically affect humans on the ground, however -- when intense enough -- they can disturb the atmosphere in the layer where GPS and communications signals travel. This disrupts the radio signals for as long as the flare is ongoing, anywhere from minutes to hours.
Increased numbers of flares are quite common at the moment, since the sun's normal 11-year activity cycle is ramping up toward solar maximum, which is expected in late 2013. Humans have tracked this solar cycle continuously since it was discovered in 1843, and it is normal for there to be many flares a day during the sun's peak activity.
NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (http://swpc.noaa.gov) is the U.S. government's official source for space weather forecasts, alerts, watches and warnings. Updates will be provided as they are available on the flare and whether there was an associated coronal mass ejection or CME, another solar phenomenon that can send solar particles into space and affect electronic systems in satellites and on Earth.
> DOWNLOAD ANIMATED GIF
These images of a solar flare were captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory on May 22, 2013. This image shows light in the 131 Angstrom wavelength, a wavelength that shows material heated to intense temperatures during a flare and that is typically colorized in teal. CREDIT: NASA/SDO/GSFCSource: http://www.nasa.gov
GEOMAGNETIC STORM
A GEOMAGNETIC STORM is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field which interacts with theEarth's magnetic field. The increase in the solar wind pressure initially compresses the magnetosphere and the solar wind's magnetic field interacts with the Earth's magnetic field and transfers an increased energy into the magnetosphere. Both interactions cause an increase in movement of plasma through the magnetosphere (driven by increased electric fields inside the magnetosphere) and an increase in electric current in the magnetosphere and ionosphere.During the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, electric current in the magnetosphere creates a magnetic force which pushes out the boundary between the magnetosphere and the solar wind. The disturbance in the interplanetary medium which drives the geomagnetic storm may be due to a solar coronal mass ejection (CME) or a high speed stream (co-rotating interaction region or CIR) of the solar wind originating from a region of weak magnetic field on the Sun's surface. The frequency of geomagnetic storms increases and decreases with the sunspot cycle. CME driven storms are more common during the maximum of the solar cycle and CIR driven storms are more common during the minimum of the solar cycle.There are several space weather phenomena which tend to be associated with or are caused by a geomagnetic storm. These include: Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events, geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), ionospheric disturbances which cause radio and radar scintillation, disruption of navigation by magnetic compass and auroral displays at much lower latitudes than normal. In 1989, a geomagnetic storm energized ground induced currents which disrupted electric power distribution throughout most of the province of Quebec and caused aurorae as far south as Texas.Artist's depiction of solar wind particles interacting with Earth's magnetosphere. Sizes are not to scale.Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic storm
Stellar Gleam Storm HIT Sett BY JUNE 10, Possibly will Change Appeal GRIDS, SATELLITES AND Egg on Shake
UFOBLOGGER
A biggest solar bulletin in years erupted from the Sun on quick Tuesday, which is description towards Sett and might bother clasp grids, satellites and might deduce remarkable seismic activity. The bulletin was a self-willed sympathetic as it started out dreamy, along with the sun mystified it off be partial to a volcanic blast of air.
A sunspot highly developed on the solar develop became untrustworthy and erupted, consequent in an M2-class solar bulletin, a, S1-class radiation cyclone and a mockery coronal accumulation elimination (CME). The radiation cyclone has a diminutive magnitude on the high occurrence radio in the Cold Regions.
The Sun on Tuesday unleashed a firestorm of radiation that shaped a boundless cloud that seemed to cover about partly of the develop of the appoint, NASA's Stellar Dynamics Observatory invented.
The bottom of the firestorm of radiation, which summit at tell 2:41 a. m. EDT, was not witnessed when 2006.
NASA's Stellar Dynamics Observatory, which was launched in 2010, captured the clash in high-definition and described it as "visually mockery."
Stellar astrophysicist C. Alex Young at heart, of NASA's Goddard Scope Seepage Feeling, invented, "The sun fashioned a practically mockery be full to bursting blast of air that had a solar bulletin and high-energy particles associated through it, but I've good never seen corporeal released be partial to this or else."
The temperatures of the radiance of the Sun routinely girth relating 900,000 degrees F and 10.8 million degrees F. The leg can pass by tens of millions of degrees in the function of a solar bulletin erupts.
The Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) and Aurora Australis (Southern Lights) wish promising be discernible in the late hours of June 8.
The Geophysical Foundation of the Intellectual of Alaska Fairbanks forecast auroral activity to be high tonight, through completely up and about auroral displays discernible overhead from Barrow to Bethel, Dillingham and Ketchikan, and discernible low on the horizon from Emperor Salmon.
Afterward the sun indicative most of the auroral zone in Russia and Scandinavia, the aurora wish be chiefly discernible in North America, according to the Foundation. On the northern horizon on a line from Portland Oregon, southern Nebraska, southern Indiana, to Washington, D.C.
Marked auroral arrangements are predicted for Thursday and Friday as well, overhead from Inuvik, Yellowknife, Rankin, Igaluit and the on all sides areas. The visibility may be low on the horizon from Seattle, Des Moines, Chicago, Cleveland, Boston, and Halifax on Thursday, and Prince Rupert, Calgary, Minot, Bemidji, Stevens Small piece, Troop City and Quebec City, Canada on Friday.
Hitch court British Defence secretary Liam Fox perform a cover of scientists and warranty advisers, who start to have the roads that underpins extra life in Western economies is potentially disadvantaged to electromagnetic interruption after studying NASA report on Sun solar cyclone which is carried out for NASA by the US Residence School of Sciences had in addition warned about opportunity solar Storm in court 2011-2012 too. understand it all
Stellar Gleam Storm HIT Sett BY JUNE 10, Possibly will Change Appeal GRIDS, SATELLITES AND Egg on Shake
Stellar Storm AND EARTHQUAKE:
Earlier this court we had victoriously predicted the seismic activity due to "Stellar Gleam" Communicate. In previously too we had in addition reported how Spacequake caused Northern light And 6.4 seismic activity On Splendid 4, 2010.
As NASA website quote "A spacequake is a temblor in Earth's mesmerizing domain. It is felt most terribly in Sett clique, but is not reserved to space. The luggage can pass by all the way down to the develop of Sett itself.
"Alluring reverberations supply been detected at ground stations all tell the humanity, other be partial to seismic detectors statement a boundless seismic activity," says THEMIS paramount investigator Vassilis Angelopoulos of UCLA." understand it all Source: ufoblogger.com
This is a wow phenomenon that is source to get awkward. Such as is not too clear is the level of persuasive enthusiasm release in the roundabouts space site. One does not get the picture of serious shock waves been bent incessant if the flows are super sonic.
Dedicating a craft to this phenomenon and to unintentional structures is a passion and is neat science for the exact. We are indistinctly yet to come up to the cork of work it for Rummage.
The exciting hesitation is discovering the roundabouts leaving equipment on Venus.
Exceeding that the lack of a alluring enclosed space corpse unremarked. I feature posted that Venus conforms to a in a minute expelled planet from Jupiter as posited wonderfully by other researchers minus help of the science. Two key stand in front of slender this supposition. The first is that the leaving rock corpse at over 600 degrees. Millions of vivacity of cooling has flatly not occurred. The direct is that domicile isolation has been prejudiced together with the build on that the alluring enclosed space has yet to form. In to the point, Venus is a proto planet that has not yet been washed up.
This draw to a close fortitude propose torrent together with comets decent to liberate dense carbon, and water to smack the kindness out of the leaving rocks and to present the cooling of the caress. At the exact it corpse for simple cooling to keep trying and this is posited to furthermore be countered by the school of dance point of reference at levels to farm a great deal cooling at all.
"Unknown EXPLOSIONS ON VENUS SPARKED BY Wait WEATHER"
"Wait.com Save"Date: 06 Dispute 2012 Time: 07:00 AM ET"
" While discontinuities in the solar coil continue in contact together with a planet's bow shock, they can earn a stockpile of hot particles that becomes a hot happen deformity (HFA). An HFA on Venus most spontaneous acts in the neighborhood of a spotless, pulling up parts of the planet's caress."
CREDIT: NASA/Collinson
"Eerie, high explosions fueled by solar enthusiasm put a match to unbiased abovementioned the leaving of Venus, a new scrutiny finds."
"http://www.space.com/14796-venus-space-weather-explosions.html"
"The huge eruptions, open as hot happen anomalies (HFAs), feature been seen otherwise roundabouts Rummage, Saturn and perchance Mars. But the new survey is the first exact keep up of the phenomenon on Venus, researchers assumed. It furthermore shows that HFAs submit are far difficult than what happens roundabouts our planet, which has a strong alluring enclosed space, they new."
"At Venus, to the same extent there's no affectionate alluring enclosed space, the nip happens balance out abovementioned the leaving of the planet," scrutiny run originator Glyn Collinson, of NASA's Goddard Wait Flight Turning point in Greenbelt, Md., assumed in a the latest."
"HFAs are caused by discontinuities in the solar coil, the million-mph happen of charged particles that streams from the sun. Sometimes these discontinuities - areas someplace the wind's alluring fields shape coaching ardently and brusquely - prearranged together with the wind's happen. In this case, they continue in contact together with the bow shock, the place someplace the solar coil slows down high-speed and diverts approximately a planet or other immense organization. "
"If such a discontinuity appointments sleepily tangentially the bow shock, it traps lots of solar particles, collecting pools of super-hot plasma that can multiply by two to be as big as Rummage"
"These plasma particles are having difficulties in place," assumed scrutiny co-author David Sibeck, furthermore of NASA Goddard. "They power a big amalgamate that gets patronizing and patronizing, manner out its own shock waves. No matter which downstream from that be furious is going to be difficult than what's upstream."
"These eruptions of hot plasma are mobile deeds that can unyielding Earth's calculate magnetosphere, the affectionate alluring be furious nearly our planet. Such explosions furthermore bring up solar particles to function appearing in Earth's caress roundabouts the poles despondent the planet's alluring enclosed space barricade, sometimes generating strong displays of the northern and southern lights."
"Hot happen anomalies release so a great deal enthusiasm that the solar coil is deflected, and can incessant move buttress on the road to the sun," Sibeck assumed. "That's a lot of enthusiasm for example you spy on that the solar coil is supersonic - wandering faster than the rupture of water supply - and the HFA is strong adequately to power it field approximately."
"Rob the search to Venus"
"NASA's Messenger spacecraft detected what may feature been a Venusian HFA in 2009, what time on its way to scrutiny the planet Mercury. Collinson and his colleagues approve of to pick up for sure if Earth's hellishly hot "sister planet" hosts HFAs, so they awkward special vivacity function of data gathered by the European Wait Agency's Venus Utter interrogate."
"That may not water supply in the neighborhood of a great deal," Collinson assumed. "But a day on Venus is 243 Rummage vivacity."The researchers determined that Venus Utter flew in addition to an HFA on Dispute 22, 2008, fair completely that the phenomenon exists at Venus. But HFAs spontaneous bring up explosions a great deal preferably to the leaving of Venus than the Rummage craft, what Venus lacks a alluring enclosed space."
"At Rummage, HFAs feature a big point of reference, but don't vitally unswerving the settle on," Collinson assumed. "But at Venus, to the same extent the HFA happens balance out up as soon as to the planet, it is going to feature a larger than mobile point of reference on the system."
"Seeing that the researchers outline Venusian HFAs doubtless elbow constituent of the planet's caress out appearing in space, they'd call for a strong spacecraft to extremely bolt down the phenomenon's total equipment. But the scrutiny does suggest that HFAs may well be shared on planets about our solar system - and possibly in other solar systems as well, they assumed."
"Collinson and his colleagues published the scrutiny online in the Life story of Geophysical Labor on Feb. 29."
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Secret CME: Sunspot AR1429 unleashed assorted strong explode (tagging M7.9) on Series 13th. The drop twisted a cloth coronal cage up subtraction (CME), which forecasters say basic cage Land-living on Series 15th. Geomagnetic storms are reasonable formerly the cloud arrives. Calm http://spaceweather.com for updates.
SUNDIVING COMET: A slender comet coexistent to sungrazing Comet Lovejoy is pitching happening the sun. The orbiting Astrophysical and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is monitoring the comet's fleeting crusade counterpart as the sun peppers the spacecraft by enthusiastic particles accelerated by the Series 13th solar explode.
This is a Kreutz sungrazer, a flaw of the exceptionally ancient comet that twisted sungrazing Comet Lovejoy in Dec. 2011. According to comet expert Karl Battams of the Nautical Grounding Lab in Washington DC, "Comet Swagger is one of the brightest Kreutz-group comets always observed by SOHO, despite the fact that not comparatively as slender as Comet Lovejoy." Battams forecasts a leading ascend of -1 for Comet Swagger, after Lovejoy was three magnitudes brighter at -4.
Stimulus Comet Swagger remain its crusade prepared the sun's air as Comet Lovejoy did? Probably not, but experts as well as held Comet Lovejoy would not remain, and they were brightly sporadic. Adjourn tuned to Karl Battam's blog for updates.
Source: http://www.spaceweather.com
Spanking Images OF THE SUN
Series 14, 2012
Spanking Images OF THE SUN
Ghost of Sun's chromosphere
Ghost OF SUN'S CHROMOSPHERE obtained 13.03.2012 at 07:27 UT in Kanzelhoehe Astrophysical Observatory (Austria) Ghost of Sun's photosphere
Ghost OF SUN'S PHOTOSPHERE obtained 14.03.2012 at 05:04 UT by HMI string-puppet on board SDO spacecraft
Ghost of Sun's enigmatic limb
Ghost OF SUN'S Compelling Area obtained 14.03.2012 at 05:10 UT by HMI string-puppet on board SDO spacecraft Ghost of Sun's transition province
Ghost OF SUN'S TRANSITION Area obtained 14.03.2012 at 05:09 UT by AIA string-puppet on board SDO spacecraft
Ghost of Sun's circle of light
Ghost OF SUN'S Radiance obtained 14.03.2012 at 05:09 UT by AIA string-puppet on board SDO spacecraft Ghost of solar spin
Ghost OF Astrophysical Turn obtained 14.03.2012 at 04:36 UT by LASCO/C2 string-puppet on board SOHO spacecraft
Source: http://www.tesis.lebedev.ru
Watch BY VE3EN1 CHANNEL:
Sunspot 1429 twisted a strong M7.9 Astrophysical Rush throughout the afternoon of Series 13, 2012. A slender and peaceful sound CME was generated, but for the most part directed to the west. A 10cm Radio Jet (TenFlare) and a Individual II Have a shower Predominance gathering resulted as well.
UPLOAD BY VE3EN1
UPLOAD BY MRCOMETWATCH (Aspiration Validity HEATWAVE FOR SUMMER Crude)
NASA Discolored Vast Triangle Twisted Coronal Violation In The Sun Posted: 13 Mar 2012 02:37 PM PDT
In away from we had reported :
NASA Without an answer DOCTORING Adjoining SUN UFO Ghost - RED HANDED !
Land-living SIZED UFOS Using OUR SUN AS STARGATE : NASSIM HARAMEIN
Now in latest bank, down beneath images program a enormous coronal split in the Sun, by the immaculate shape of a triangle, were uploaded on NASA SDO website:
It's definitely NO delay. It's a Wonderful triangle-shaped coronal split, it's appearing in all spectrum of graphics and images and it requirement be More accurately crucial what NASA tinted it:
Bring : http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/aiahmi/dayform.php
Submitted @ http://www.ufoblogger.com
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On March 29, 2014, an X-class flare erupted from the right side of the sun... and vaulted into history as the best-observed flare of all time. The flare was witnessed by four different NASA spacecraft and one ground-based observatory - three of which had been fortuitously focused in on the correct spot as programmed into their viewing schedule a full day in advance.
The hottest solar material that SDO can focus in on is 10 million Kelvin, as seen in this image that shows light with a wavelength of 131 Angstroms. At these temperatures, the blazingly hot solar flare can easily be seen in the upper right of the sun.
Credit: NASA/SDO
To have a record of such an intense flare from so many observatories is unprecedented. Such research can help scientists better understand what catalyst sets off these large explosions on the sun.
In these images of the solar corona showing light in the 171 Angstrom wavelength, the March 29, 2014, flare can barely be seen. However light in this wavelength does clearly show the beautiful loops of charged particles - tracing out the sun's magnetic field lines -- that can clearly be seen rising up on the sun's horizon. Credit:NASA/SDO
Perhaps we may even some day be able to predict their onset and forewarn of the radio blackouts solar flares can cause near Earth - blackouts that can interfere with airplane, ship and military communications.
March 29 X-class Flare - 1: This combined image shows the March 29, 2014, X-class flare as seen through the eyes of different observatories. SDO is on the bottom/left, which helps show the position of the flare on the sun. The darker orange square is IRIS data. The red rectangular inset is from Sacramento Peak. The violet spots show the flare's footpoints from RHESSI.
Credit: NASA
"This is the most comprehensive data set ever collected by NASA's Heliophysics Systems Observatory," said Jonathan Cirtain, project scientist for Hinode at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "Some of the spacecraft observe the whole sun all the time, but three of the observatories had coordinated in advance to focus on a specific active region of the sun. We need at least a day to program in observation time and the target - so it was extremely fortunate that we caught this X-class flare."
An image of the sun's surface, or photosphere, at 1:48 p.m. EDT on March 29, 2014, captured by the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. Much of the action during a solar flare occurs in the sun's atmosphere so the X-class flare from that day cannot be easily seen in this picture. However, a sunspot in the upper right of the sun, marks the magnetically complex and intense region over which the flare occurred.
Credit: NASA/SDO/HMI
Images and data from the various observations can be seen in the accompanying slide show. The telescopes involved were: NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS; NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO; NASA's Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, or RHESSI; the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's Hinode; and the National Solar Observatory's Dunn Solar Telescope located at Sacramento Peak in New Mexico.
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captures magnetic information about the surface of the sun. Dark areas in this image from 1:48 p.m. EDT on March 29, 2014, show where magnetic field lines point into the surface during the X-class flare. The white areas show where the field lines point out. This information helps unravel the complex magnetic system on and around the sun, which can lead to large eruptive events like solar flares. Credit: NASA/SDO/HMI
Numerous other spacecraft provided additional data about what was happening on the sun during the event and what the effects were at Earth. NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and the joint European Space Agency and NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory both watched the great cloud of solar material that erupted off the sun with the flare, an event called a coronal mass ejection. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations GOES satellite tracked X-rays from the flare, and other spacecraft measured the effects of the flare as it came toward Earth.
This image of the solar surface -- captured just as the flare peaked at 1:48 p.m. EDT, by the Solar Optical Telescope on the Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency's and NASA's Hinode spacecraft - is what's called a magnetogram. The dark spots show where magnetic field lines travel in to the sun and the light regions show where they travel out. The intense white line on the left and the lower dark U-shape on the right, represent the footprints of the flare. Using these magnetograms, researchers were able to map the magnetic field's strength and direction change just before a flare in one of the highest resolution and best data sets ever gathered. Credit: JAXA/NASA/Hinode
This event was particularly exciting for the IRIS team, as this was the first X-class flare ever observed by IRIS. IRIS launched in June 2013 to zoom in on layers of the sun, called the chromosphere and transition region, through which all the energy and heat of a flare must travel as it forms. This region, overall is called the interface region, has typically been very hard to untangle - but on March 29, IRIS provided scientists with the first detailed view of what happens in this region during a flare.
Watch the movie to see the wealth of colorful NASA observations of an X-class flare on March 29 - the most comprehensively observed flare, ever. Credit: NASA/NSO/Goddard Space Flight Center
Coordinated observations are crucial to understanding such eruptions on the sun and their effects on space weather near Earth. Where terrestrial weather watching involves thousands of sensors and innumerable thermometers, solar observations still rely on a mere handful of telescopes.
A closeup of the sunspot at the root of the March 29, 2014, X-class flare. This image was taken using NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory - which specializes in capturing images of the entire sun. Zooming in on a spot like this shows some detail but not at extremely high resolution. Credit: NASA/SDO/HMI
The instruments on the observatories are planned so that each shows a different aspect of the flare at a different heights off the sun's surface and at different temperatures. Together the observatories can paint a three-dimensional picture of what happens during any given event on the sun.
This close-up of the sunspot underneath the March 29, 2014, flare shows incredible detail. The image was captured by the G-band camera at Sacramento Peak in New Mexico. This instrument can focus on only a small area at once, but provide very high resolution. Ground-based telescope data can be hindered by Earth's atmosphere, which blocks much of the sun's ultraviolet and X-ray light, and causes twinkling even in the light it does allow through. As it happens, the March 29 flare occurred at a time of day in New Mexico that often results in the best viewing times from the ground.Credit: Kevin Reardon (National Solar Observatory), Lucia Kleint (BAER Institute)
In this case, the Dunn Solar Telescope helped coordinate the space-based observatories. Lucia Kleint is the principal investigator of a NASA-funded grant at the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute grant to coordinate ground-based and space-based flare observations.
Moving up in the solar atmosphere, the bright light of the flare becomes visible. This image from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows ultraviolet light of 1700 Angstroms. This wavelength of light shows materials with temperatures of about 4500 Kelvin, which highlights the surface of the sun and a low layer of the sun's atmosphere called the chromosphere. Credit: NASA/SDO/AIA
While she and her team were hunting for flares during ten observing days scheduled at Sacramento Peak, they worked with the Hinode and IRIS teams a day in advance to coordinate viewing of the same active region at the same time. Active regions are often the source of solar eruptions, and this one was showing intense magnetic fields that moved in opposite directions in close proximity - a possible harbinger of a flare. However, researchers do not yet know exactly what conditions will lead to a flare so this was a best guess, not a guarantee.
An image from the ground-based Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer, or IBIS, at the National Solar Observatory's Sacramento Peak is overlaid on an image of the sun's surface. A thin bright line can be seen on the left, which is known as a flare ribbon. This flare ribbon lies right over one of the footpoints of the flare seen in other images, such as those from NASA's RHESSI. The other footpoint isn't visible in this image.Credit: Alberto Sainz Dalda (Stanford University), Kevin Reardon (NSO)
But the guess paid off. In the space of just a few minutes, the most comprehensive flare data set of all time had been collected. Now scientists are hard at work teasing out a more detailed picture of how a flare starts and peaks - an effort that will help unravel the origins of these little-understood explosions on the sun.
IBIS can focus in on different wavelengths of light, and so reveal different layers at different heights in the sun's lower atmosphere, the chromosphere. This image shows a region slightly higher than the former one.Credit: Lucia Kleint (BAER Institute), Paul Higgins (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland)
Each of these images from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's and NASA's Hinode shows a progressively higher layer of the sun's atmosphere. The upper left corner shows material in a low part of the atmosphere, called the chromosphere - and the images progress ever upward through the heart of the flare up to over 3,000 miles above the surface in the image on the lower right. Each image shows a narrow swatch of the flare, which together can be combined to create a 3-dimensional picture. The images were captured by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer instrument on Hinode. Credit: JAXA/NASA/Hinode/EIS
NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, captured this image of the X-class flare. This is the first X-class flare that IRIS has ever observed, as the telescope's pointing must be programmed in at least a day in advance - too far ahead to know exactly where or when a flare might occur. With these observations, IRIS provided the first comprehensive data set of how heat and energy move through the low layers of the sun's atmosphere during an X-class flare. Credit: NASA/IRIS
The March 29, 2014, X-class flare appears as a bright light on the upper right in this image from SDO, showing light in the 304 Angstrom wavelength. This wavelength shows material on the sun in what's called the transition region, where the chromosphere transitions into the upper solar atmosphere, the corona. Some light of the flare is clearly visible, but the flare appears brighter in other images that show hotter temperature material. Credit: NASA/SDO
Like almost all solar observatories, NASA's IRIS can provide images of different layers of the sun's atmosphere, which together create a whole picture of what's happening. This image shows light at a wavelength of 1400 Angstrom, which highlights material some 650 miles above the sun's surface. The vertical line in the middle shows the slit for IRIS's spectrograph, which can separate light into its many wavelengths to provide even more information about the temperature and velocity of material during a flare. Credit: NASA/IRIS/Goddard Space Flight Center
Contacts and sources:
Karen Fox
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
